Rhetorical Analysis Barack Obama - 988 Words

Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States of America and the first African American president. During his presidential campaign in 2008 Obama gave a speech in Philadelphia called, â€Å"A More Perfect Union.† His speech moved millions of Americans and inspired racial cooperation and societal change. Obama called for acceptance of all colors and for people to realize that the government is, and never will be perfect; however, he also says it is time to take action and instill change, rather than just talking about change. Obama most effectively convinces his audience of this with pathos and by including antitheses and repetition, which helps him evoke passion in his audience. Obama includes antitheses in order to emphasize†¦show more content†¦In response to controversial statements said by his reverend, Obama states, â€Å"He contains within him the contradictions - the good and the bad - of the community that he has served diligently for so many years † (6). By suggesting that contradictions belong to the community, Obama implies that the people are imperfect. This helps him convince the people to realize that racism is still prevalent and contributes to class differences. He persuades the people that racism and class differences are connected and from thereon convinces them to help change those conditions. Obama evokes a strong passion for change by sympathizing and relating with the people. He puts himself in the people’s shoes to seem more down-to-earth and relatable. Obama suggests that to make America a more perfect union people must help reduce racism related class disparities. In reference to racist comments his reverend said, Obama observes: It’s that he spoke as if our society was static; as if no progress has been made; as if this country – a country that has made it possible for one of his own members to run for the highest office in the land and build a coalition of white and black; Latino a nd Asian, rich and poor, young and old -- is still irrevocably bound to a tragic past. But what we know -- what we have seen – is that America can change. (Obama 12) Obama claims that the reverend was ignorant andShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama Rhetorical Analysis Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe beginning of the video advertisement of Barack Obama for the 2008 presidential election was quite attractive and convincing enough to motivate the targeted audience. The advertisement targets the general and common Americans who longed to have a change after two consecutive terms of George W. Bush. Tired of hearing about events of war, Americans could find the message of Barack Obama to be appropriate and striking. It is quite blatant that the presidential ad was meticulously crafted to fulfillRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Barack Obama1374 Words   |  6 Pageshave been around us since day one it became something normal and people ignore it because they got used to it. In a speech given by the first African American president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, presents how everyone deserves equality without caring who they are in love with . Obama starts building an emotional connection with his audience, and giving his own words the credibility by pointing out some historical facts of the battles that were fought by African-Americans to end racismRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Barack Obama788 Words   |  4 PagesPrior to the inauguration of Barack Obama, the United States entered one of the worst economic eras since the Great Depression and faced a breakdown in business and social services. On multiple days the Dow Jones Industrial average fell hundreds of points, affecting not only the American economy, but the worlds economy. Humongous corporations that had once dominated the market declared bankruptcy: Washington Mutual, Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The prosperous nation that many knewRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Barack Obamas Inaugural Address973 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/early_learning/early_learning_framework.htm b) http://www.sd43.bc.ca/secondary/gleneagle/Pages/default.aspx http://byrnecreek.sd41.bc.ca/school/conduct.htm c) http://www.viu.ca/assessments/ http://www.ubc.ca/ 8. Analysis Canadians in British Columbia prefer using British English than American English, but the difference between using British English than American is not big. Canadians mix British with American English. General percentage of British spelling inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Barack Obama s Speech1132 Words   |  5 Pagesor Washington, D.C. in 1963. However, on March 18, 2008, at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon-to-be President Barack Obama, a black man with an African father, took the stage and delivered a speech that would paint the racial landscape of his historic presidency. In his speech, Obama welds three distinctive rhetorical tactics to support his overarching argument that unity is compulsory in this country to produce racial equality. First, he opens with a personal andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Barack Obama s Health Care1600 Words   |  7 PagesProject 2 Rhetorical Analysis Adam Craig Introduction Hillary Clinton believes health care is a major issue that needs to be addressed and this paper will be discuss the inflation prices on health care and prescription drugs that she feels is unnecessary and wants to slow these prices from increasing to rapidly. This will allow American families to get themselves ahead and have money sitting in their bank that they can put towards other things or enjoy so that they areRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Barack Obama s Election National Convention Address1518 Words   |  7 Pages1315-302 Rhetorical Analysis of Barack Obama 2004 Democratic National Convention Address In this paper, I choose the speech of the previous President, Barack Obama; Illinois state senator, his speech address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention marked an important moment in the trajectory of African American rhetoric. I am really impressive his speech because it was strong to affect to our emotion, our realizations and our passion for a strong America. The general theme of Barack Obama keynoteRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Barack Obamas First Inaugural Speech1547 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2015 The Power of Rhetorical Devices in Barack Obamas First Inaugural Speech Introduction: Attention Getter/Hook (No Questions, 1 Sentence): â€Å"We the people have remained faithful to the ideas of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.† Bridge/Introducing the Idea (2-3 Sentences minimum): Barack Obama is consoling and complementing us on our past and encouraging us to stick together for our future. This is very important because we know that Barack Obama is here for us and he willRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech1181 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech Introduction: Barack Obama was re-elected as President of the U.S on November 6th, 2012. Barack Obama held his Victory Speech on the following day. This essay will analyze and comment on an excerpt of that exacting Victory Speech and the solution focus of the criticism will be on the Rhetorical belongings of the Speech. By using numerous forms of Rhetorical apparatus like Anaphora or Tautology, Barack Obama controls to offer a Speech that is full of AmericanRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Obama s Victory Speech1245 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Obama’s Victory Speech This speech was given by Barack Obama who won 2012 election as the president. I’m going to analysis his voice, audience, speaker’s message and occasion for the speech. Different angle, different view can show all the Obama’s rhetorical words in his victory speech. In 2012, this is Barack Obama’s second inaugural. He had greatest way to put all the rhetorical words in his speech. It was one of the best of his speech so far. Rhetoric was made in fifth

My Experience At Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources...

During this internship experience, I have learned many useful skills that have lead me to be the person I wan to be today. From college classes to work experience, I now have the ability to transcend upon internship experiences that can shape my perspective of life. For my last internship, I chose to intern at The Wyomissing Home Depot Human Resources Department. The human resources associates are responsible to maintain a positive work environment among employees. For the most part, human resources associates are focused on career development, execution of learning, employment practice, staffing, recognition and reward. At my internship site, I have established a few goals for myself that will help me keep my focus on the potential career and work setting I will have in the future. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize, reflect on my different learning goals that I established at the beginning of my internship experience at Wyomissing Home Depot human resources department. The Wyomissing The Home Depot is a hardware store that has all the tools needed to improve individual’s homes. They offer a variety of features including truck rentals, key cutting, tool rental, kitchen showroom, and large equipment rental. However, for my last internship I had the opportunity to be part of their human resource department team for more than 150 hours. As an intern I was given may duties and responsibilities related to human resources work such as; assisting recruiting new staff,

Typee a peep at polunesian life Essay Example For Students

Typee a peep at polunesian life Essay The missionaries are discussed in the novel to point out how the native practices were condemned as being barbaric-differing views on sexual practices, or the tendency for tropical peoples to wear less clothing. Because missionaries reject all aspects of native culture as barbaric, their influence only serves to turn native people against whites and also against themselves, ultimately crippling their culture. There will be those natives that find the offerings of the white man attractive and the others who want to remain true to the culture. This is a classic rift created by colonialism that can be clearly seen in our own country with the Native Americans. Along with the use of missionaries to point out the barbarism of the natives, Melville uses the colonist and merchantmen to physically destroy native people. Colonists use their cannons to take over peaceful islands simply in the name of the European empires. Besides the initial destruction of the property of the island we have the ongoing destruction of the people. Merchantmen take out their sexual desires and aggressions on local women, leaving a legacy of venereal disease that has decimated many a native population. Not to mention the mixed offspring that are left behind. Given the combined stresses of contact with the Europeans, Melville believes that natives will remain much better off if they can simply remain in peace on their own. This would sadly require the voluntary retreat of the western societies. The missionaries and merchantmen operate on some false sense of entitlement and would never surrender the possibility of acquisition. Melville argues repeatedly that the native culture is superior to mot found in civilization. Although the so-called civilized people condemn natives as heathens who engage in barbarism, natives are nothing of the sort. The Typees, for example, treat each other with far more civility than people do in urban cities. The Typees generously share food with one another. They do not lie, cheat, or steal. Furthermore, no portions of society are left starving and destitute because of debt or poverty, as so frequently the case in Europe and in the United States. Although the Typees live a less intellectual existence, their lifestyle is one of bliss and relative peacefulness in a beautiful valley. The natives could teach Europeans many things about how to be less barbaric, Melville feels, but ironically it is the Europeans who call them savages. In what civilized society do many starve while others squander thousands of dollars a day on frivolous waste? Sadly, ours. What is a human? A human is a biological word that is defined as 1. of, relating to, being, or characteristic of humans. 2. Having human form or attributes. (Merriam Webster). On of the synonyms I found for human was featherless biped. One would hope that the real meaning of human is something more than a two-footed being sans feathers but scientific standards, a human is really nothing more than just that. Humanity, on the other hand, is a creation of society. There are men and women by birth but masculine and feminine are a social creation. Just as those were structured the idea of humanity is an invention of humans. What it means will vary by epoch and area. In Typee, humanity is assuring the survival of everyone in the community. In the novel, western humanity is forcing God on the heathens and making them wear clothes that are sensible for civilized people but unnecessary for the climate. The Typee are practicing the nature of humanity without even being familiar with the concept. They are not familiar with the concept because they are not aware of the option. Allowing others to die for the sake of ones greed is an illogical way of life. Melville brings humanity to the natives in his descriptions. .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .postImageUrl , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:hover , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:visited , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:active { border:0!important; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:active , .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd6bee6f2a4b796f09289bc457e04b5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Is Life EssayNever before had I been subjected to so strange and steady a glance; it revealed nothing of the mind of the savage, but it appeared to be reading my own (71). The ability to take over another land that is not ones own is made easier by dehumanizing a culture that differs from the self in not only color but also language. Melville gives depth to the natives and describes them as every bit as human as the French or Americans. Because of the darker skin and the strange customs, the French could colonize the islands without regarding the inhabitants as the same as them by calling them savages and not people. As previously mentioned, the colonists used the native women to release frustration and fulfill their base needs. To be able to commit this act over and over again requires the assailant to consider the victim less than human. In the case of the merchantmen taking of the native women, the act wasnt even considered wrong. This was all part of the westerners due. Part of what they were entitled to. It would only be considered horrific of the sailors had to witness their own Victorian women being ravaged by these filthy barbarians. The situation would have an entirely new light shed upon it but the crime would remain the same. Only Melville makes direct comparisons to the natives and the people of his homeland. The novel describes the mother, Tinor, by direct comparisons to the women of the western world, The mother was a notable housewife if she did not understand the art of making jellies she was profoundly skilled in the mysteries of preparing amar she was a genuine busy-body like a county landlady toiling and sweating with a bundle, under which most women would have sunk (84). Tinor is not only just like western women, she is better. The Typee are just as civil and social as any decent society that Tom has encountered. They have their good, hardworking citizens and their lazy derelicts like any other culture, three young men, dissipated good-for-nothing, grew boozy the scapegraces of the valley. Melville isnt trying to put the Typee in a completely Holy light, he is only showing that they are like everyone else and have the same right to live their lives as they see fit. Tom does leave the island eventually and escape with the idea that perhaps the inhabitants are cannibals. Melville would not have written them in such a positive light if he believed that they were the savages the rest of world perceived them to be. He purposely and almost sarcastically described them at the opening as cannibals with such appalling habits to symbolize the close-minded Victorian sensibilities of the time. This creates the language that is actually being applied to those that are attempting to taint the beautiful island-the Western Colonists. The real savages are those who can watch their people starve while they have food and spread disease to a pristine country, destroying its people for their own selfish greed. The novel was written four years after his visit to the islands so his real beliefs are expressed about colonialism and the right for a people to be left in what could be described as paradise even by Western standards. A fear of giving up the life in which he was accustomed fueled Tommos plans for escape but a respect for the people of Typee wrote this novel.

White Pollution in China Essay Example

White Pollution in China Paper Have you ever heard of the term â€Å"white pollution’? It is an image title of one of the most serious and common environmental problems in China. The white color is supposed to refer to something pure and clean. In China, however, white pollution, increasing rapidly, stands for some plastic waste due to its major color, caused by single-use plastic tableware and thin plastic bags, which are parts of municipal solid waste. They meet Chinese people’s favor and have become a part of their daily lives. When people ask for take- out food, it normally comes with single-use plastic containers. When people went grocery shopping, they gain a couple of plastic bags other than food. Indeed, plastic disposable products bring us lots of convenience. On the other hand, they also bring serious problems to the environment. Control of white pollution has become a big issue for China. White pollution affects the environment negatively through ‘Visual pollution† and â€Å"potential hazards†, resulted from inadequate dealing with plastic garbage (what is â€Å"white pollution†, 2008) â€Å"Visual pollution† means that disposable plastic waste strewed in the natural environment, giving people adverse visual stimulation, effects the overall beauty of the cities. For example, people can see foam tableware littered along the railways or in the rivers and lakes. They also can see the ultra-thin plastic bags fluttering in the wind or hanging up on the trees (what is â€Å"white pollution†, 2008). â€Å"Potential hazards† mean that some problems have been deep-rooted in the environment, but may appear after a long time or without being noticed. According to â€Å"what is ‘white pollution† (2008), there are three main aspects as follow. First, plastic waste which can stay in a vast area for centuries, resulting in soil compaction, prevents growth f crops. We will write a custom essay sample on White Pollution in China specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on White Pollution in China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on White Pollution in China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, animals might die after eating plastic trash by mistake, which was tossed on the land and in water. Furthermore, landfill is the major treatment of municipal solid waste in China. Plastic waste takes over the ownership of considerable land resources. And it’s hard to resolve the problem in a very long term. Based on a brief article, harmful chemicals can leach into water from plastic waste (Pollution Engineering, 2009). I think that’s the worst hazards. Harmful chemicals may leach into soil, too. The toxic chemicals go back to humans in the end, causing many serious diseases. Since the early sass, Styrofoam, one of the most common foam plastics, came into use in the making of containers for food preservation. Due to its low price and hygienic quality, foam food container enjoyed popularity in China. Then, it was brought into wide use throughout trains and fast-food industry. Nevertheless, production of Styrofoam packaging increased so fast that people couldn’t be aware of the eventual environmental problems. Usually, people just discarded the white disposable containers where they wanted, even just threw out obtain windows, causing a huge awful mess wrought China. Ironically, some people said that the enormous white waste looked like â€Å"the White Great Wall† or a â€Å"white blanket’ (You, 2006). Finally, people’s environmental awareness woke up. In 1 991, the experts in the packaging industrial field convened and started to talk about how to reduce this hazardous white pollution (You, 2006). Afterward, recycling to manage plastic waste was encouraged by the State Environmental Protection Administration. However, it was hard to gather Styrofoam, which occupied too much space. Thus, green disposable tableware was put in to production. Moreover, the government determined to order a crackdown on Styrofoam. In 1 999, the former State Economic and Trade Commission as the supreme economic power in China announced that it wouldn’t be permissible to produce and use single-use Styrofoam tableware any more.

Definition and Examples of Paragraph Breaks in Prose

Definition and Examples of Paragraph Breaks in Prose A paragraph break is a single line space or an indentation (or both) marking the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text. It is also known as a  par break. Paragraph breaks conventionally serve to signal the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of dialogue.  As Noah Lukeman observes in A Dash of Style, the paragraph break is one of the most crucial marks in the  punctuation  world. History Few readers would think of the  paragraph break  as a  punctuation mark, but it certainly is, says Lukeman: In ancient times there were no paragraphs- sentences simply flowed into one another without interruption- but over time text became segmented into paragraphs, first indicated by the letter C. During medieval times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol  [ ¶] (called a  pilcrow or a paraph) and eventually became the modern-day paragraph break, which is now indicated by only a line break and indentation. (By the  17th century, the  indented  paragraph had become  the standard paragraph break in Western  prose.) The indentation was originally inserted by early  printers so that they would have space for the large illuminated letters that used to herald paragraphs. Purpose Today, the paragraph break is used not for the convenience of printers but to give readers a break.  Paragraphs that are too long leave readers with dense blocks of text to wade through. To fully understand when to insert a paragraph break or paragraph breaks, its helpful to know that a  paragraph  is a group of closely related sentences  that  develop  a central idea. A paragraph conventionally begins on a new line. Paragraphs are generally two to five sentences- depending on the type of writing you are doing or context of your essay or story- but they can be longer or shorter. The art of creating paragraphs is called  paragraphing, the practice of dividing a  text  into  paragraphs. Paragraphing  is a kindness to your  reader because it divides your thinking into manageable bites, say  David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen in Writing Analytically. They add, More frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient resting points from which to relaunch themselves into your thinking. Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the advent of the internet, which gave readers access to literally millions of sources of information from which to choose, paragraphs have become increasingly briefer. The style for this website, for example, is to make paragraphs no more than two to three sentences. The Little Seagull Handbook, a grammar and style reference book widely used at many colleges, includes mostly two- to four-sentence paragraphs. Using Paragraph Breaks Correctly Purdue OWL, an online writing and style resource published by Purdue University, says you should start a new paragraph: When you begin a new idea or pointTo contrast information or ideasWhen your readers need a pauseWhen you are ending your introduction or starting your conclusion For example, a story published in the  New York Times  on July 7, 2018 (North Korea Criticizes ‘Gangster-Like’ U.S. Attitude After Talks With Mike Pompeo) covered a complex subject- high-level talks between U.S. and North Korean officials regarding the denuclearization of North Korea. Yet the story contained paragraphs that were no more than two or three sentences, each providing self-contained units of information and linked by transition terms. For example, the second paragraph of the article reads, Despite the criticism, North Korea’s Foreign Ministry said the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, still wanted to build on the friendly relationship and trust forged with President Trump during their summit meeting in Singapore on June 12. The ministry said Mr. Kim had written a personal letter to Mr. Trump, reiterating that trust.​ And the third paragraph reads, The two sides have a history of veering between harsh talk and conciliation. Mr. Trump briefly called off the Singapore summit meeting over what he called North Korea’s open hostility, only to declare it back on after receiving what he called a very nice letter from Mr. Kim. Note how the first paragraph contains a self-contained information topic: that despite some kind of criticism (described in the opening paragraph of the article), there are two sides involved in denuclearization talks and at least one of the sides, North Korea, wants to retain friendly relations. The next paragraph is joined to the first with transition phrases- the  two sides and the letter- but it covers a totally different topic, the history of tense relations between the two sides. The paragraphs are also roughly equal in size- they are both two sentences long, while the first contains 52 words and the second is made up of 48. Breaking up the paragraphs in any other way would have been jarring to readers. The first paragraph clearly refers to the present situation between the two countries, while the second talks about their up-and-down history. Thoughts on Paragraph Breaks Paragraph breaks allow the writer to change the subject and give the readers eye a rest, says  John Foster, author of Writing Skills for Public Relations: Style and Technique for Mainstream and Social Media. He says that when the text moves from one point to another, that is the time for a paragraph break: However, much will depend on the style of the publication or document and on the column width. For news-style print jobs, using double or multicolumn format, paragraph breaks are usually needed after every second or third sentence- say about every 50 to 70 words. Foster says that for single-column reports, books, manuals, leaflets, and  brochures, it is usually better to have slightly longer paragraphs with perhaps four or five sentences. Much depends on the context, your audience, and the medium in which the work is published. If you remember that each paragraph should discuss one unified topic and that you should use a paragraph break before each new topic, your writing will flow and youll help the reader proceed through your writing in a logical fashion and without straining to get to the last line. Source Rosenwasser, David. Writing Analytically. Jill Stephen, 8th Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2018.

Rare Earth Properties

Rare Earth Properties When you look at the Periodic Table, there is a two-row block of elements located below the main body of the chart. These elements, plus lanthanum (element 57) and actinium (element 89), are known collectively as the rare earth elements or rare earth metals. Actually, they arent particularly rare, but prior to 1945, long and tedious processes were required to purify the metals from their oxides. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction processes are used today to quickly produce highly pure, low-cost rare earths, but the old name is still in use. The rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the 6th (5d electronic configuration) and 7th (5f electronic configuration) periods. There are some arguments for starting the 3rd and 4th transition series with lutetium and lawrencium rather than lanthanum and actinium. There are two blocks of rare earths, the lanthanide series, and the actinide series. Lanthanum and actinium are both located in group IIIB of the table. When you look at the periodic table, notice that the atomic numbers make a jump from lanthanum (57) to hafnium (72) and from actinium (89) to rutherfordium (104). If you skip down to the bottom of the table, you can follow the atomic numbers from lanthanum to cerium and from actinium to thorium, and then back up to the main body of the table. Some chemists exclude lanthanum and actinium from the rare earths, considering the lanthanides to start following lanthanum and the actinides to start following actinium. In a way, the rare earths are special transition metals, possessing many of the properties of these elements. Common Properties of the Rare Earths These common properties apply to both the lanthanides and actinides. The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.The metals have a high luster but tarnish readily in air.The metals have high electrical conductivity.The rare earths share many common properties. This makes them difficult to separate or even distinguish from each other.There are very small differences in solubility and complex formation between the rare earths.The rare earth metals naturally occur together in minerals (e.g., monazite is a mixed rare earth phosphate).Rare earths are found with non-metals, usually in the 3 oxidation state. There is little tendency to vary the valence. (Europium also has a valence of 2 and cerium also a valence of 4.)

Differentiation in the Oil Marketers in the United Kingdom Essay

Differentiation in the Oil Marketers in the United Kingdom - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  in economics and marketing, it is normally assumed that both product differentiation and value addition plays a significant function in competitive advantages of the product. The goal of any venture particular amongst companies that produce closely related products (substitutes), in theory, must align themselves with added value and product differentiation so as to achieve competitive advantages. Adding value to a product superficial meaning refers to the situation where a product(s) have advantages attached to them while product differentiation refers to the effort by a company to separate (sic) its products from those of close competitors.This discussion highlights that  value addition and product differentiation is awash with varying number of literature items written and studied on them, particularly in business and in economics. It is always important to establish a meaning to a concept before researching or studying such concepts. Often thi s is not followed as most writers work on a topic and later fall folly of a weak comprehension of the concept they are writing about.  A number of factors seemly play important roles during the different stages in the consumption process of a product, and in recent years brands, consumer values, customer satisfaction and service quality have incorporated into the package of value addition.  Product differentiation offers consumers a variety of products within a specific industry instead of a monotonous product that describes purely competitive markets.

Cameron Mackintosh and Megamusical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Cameron Mackintosh and Megamusical - Essay Example The paper begins with a brief introduction of the great figure. It attempts to elucidate the nature and specific characteristics of a megamusical and proceeds to present a detailed overview on the subject shedding light on international trends in megamusicals and the role played by the critics' reviews and the scholarly courses in its development. Then specific role and tremendous effort of Cameron mackintosh has been brought to light and in the end a brief summary of his remarkable achievements is presented. Mackintosh, Cameron born was a British theatrical producer who oversaw the era of the international "megamusical" in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming the world's most prominent and powerful impresario. Mackintosh was born on Oct. 17, 1946, in Enfield, Middlesex, England, to Ian Mackintosh, a Scottish timber merchant and jazz trumpeter, and Maltese-born Diana Tonna Mackintosh, who had been actor Nigel Patrick's secretary when the couple met in Italy during World War II. Eight-year-old Mackintosh was taken to see a production of the musical Salad Days, after which he demanded to speak to the author, Julian Slade, who gave him a backstage tour and instilled in the boy a fascination with theatrical production. Mackintosh studied stage management at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London but left after one year. He became a stagehand at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, cleaning the auditorium after performances to earn extra money. His first West End presentation, a 1969 revival of Anything Goes, failed. In 1976, however, his production of the musical revue Side by Side by Sondheim ran 781 performances in London before transferring to Broadway, his first stateside effort. (Lawson, 1999) Before we move further to discuss his journey with the development of Megamusical, it is preferable to present a detailed overview of the overall development of the megamusical and combine Mackintosh's role along with it. Megamusical: An Overview Sternfeld (2006) explains in detail that the term may appear to be comical, like many other neologisms, but to describe the content in this paper it may be most precise and accurate. This term Megamusical actually refers to the type of musical genre which today is the prominent compulsion on the Broadway and got attention in the decades of the 1970's and 1980's. This paper doesn't use this word for the first time, as in the 1980's it began to appear on the New York Times. By different reviewers and journalists, the tag was sometimes selected sarcastically and has originated its way into theater analysis and olden times. There exist a number of synonyms such as extravaganza, blockbuster musical and spectacle show, however, the most accurate is the megamusical. The surroundings of the show and the show itself are the aspects that differentiate a megamusical from a common musical. The most prominent of the genres of the megamusical in the 1980's were the sports style as sports were of significance in those days, however, over the years it has evolved into other flourishing genres. However, a sturdy constancy materializes as an assembly, but a megamusical doesn't demonstrate all of the characteristics of the

Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Example for Free

Plato Aristotle Comparison Essay Justice is the topic which has been the main subject of most philosophers; a quick definition for justice could be the quality of being fair and reasonable. A lot of philosophers have written on this subject and have had debates. Two of the most significant ones are Plato and Aristotle, who are two leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both thought about justice and established theories about the aspects of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle studied under Plato and remained in his academy for 20 years in Athens but left the academy after Plato’s death. Aristotle and Plato had different philosophies about many subjects like justice and injustice, the function of humans, truth, the human soul, art, and politics. Starting with Plato (427 BC-347 BC) one of the most important philosophers of the world and the founder of â€Å"The Academy†. Plato’s most famous work is â€Å"The Republic† in which he draws the qualities of a just individual and a just city state by explaining the sublime nature of justice. His beliefs of finding justice in an individual will require finding it in the perfect city (which consists of people). His major questions that were pursued in the rest of his work were: â€Å"What is Justice? † And â€Å"is one better off or happier being just rather than unjust? † Plato faces a situation where he raised a question and he has several answers provided by several traditions, and he also has a new answer of his own. Aristotle (384-322 BC) is one of the founders of modern Western thought with Socrates and Plato. He was tutored by Socrates’ student Plato, later became very effective in the progress of the idea of scientism and scholastic ideology. Aristotle in his famous work â€Å"The Nicomachean Ethics† explains the virtuous and superior nature of justice where he claims that justice can mean either lawfulness or fairness, since injustice is lawlessness and unfairness. In his opinion, laws push and inspire people to act virtuously so, the just person who by definition is lawful, will necessarily be virtuous. I am going to compare how these two philosophers compare and contrast when it comes to their own political theories regarding the ideal state and how to define justice in it. To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinkers. They each had ideas of how to  improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference and similarities in each. Both philosophers had common points and some differences, starting with Plato, where in the beginning of his conversation with Thrasymachus (Plato, The Republic ,Page 19), the latter defines justice as â€Å"what is the interest of the stronger party†. Socrates goes on to refute this definition by saying that the stronger party can be at fault sometimes, and a ruler can make mistakes. One of the questions that Plato pursued in his work was the one proposed by Thrasymachus who suggests that the pursuit of self-interest or injustice pays better than that the pursuit of justice. Socrates states that the injustice would create disagreement and weakness instead of strength. He says that injustice causes problems and weakens the group â€Å"†¦ whether it occurs in a state or family or army or in anything else: it renders it incapable of any common action because of factions and quarrels, and sets it at variance with itself and with its opponents and with whatever is just† (Plato, The Republic, page 38). The best, rational and righteous political order leads to the harmonious unity of a society and allows all the city’s parts to pursue happiness but not at the expense of others. Plato showed what justice is in the state and then in the soul. He drew a state in which all basic needs are met. The Guardians consist of non-ruling Guardians and ruling Guardians. The non-rulers are a higher level of civil servants and the ruling is the societys policy architects. Auxiliaries are soldiers and civil servants and finally the workers who are most commonly unskilled laborers. The Guardians are to be wise and good rulers. It is important that the rulers who arise must be a class of craftsmen who are public-spirited in temperament and skilled in the arts of government areas. The guardians are to be placed in a position in which they are absolute rulers. They are supposed to be the select few who know what is best for society. As far as politics, he stated in the Republic that philosopher rulers who possess knowledge of the good should be the governors in a city-state. Plato’s ruling ideology is briefed as the â€Å"rule of the best man†, the philosopher king who alone knows the ideal standards for the state. Also, ruling is a skill; as the best man must be trained to rule. Ruling is also an perfection. Aristotle’s ruling philosophy can be summarized as the â€Å"rule of the best laws† – a well ordered constitution which entails good governance. For him, although ruling is a skill and an ideal as well; it is also a science (although Aristotle understands politics as a normative or prescriptive discipline rather than as a â€Å"purely† empirical or descriptive inquiry). Plato believed that each man is better by sticking to one occupation in which he excels in. â€Å"Social justice aims at promoting the good of the city as a whole; it does that by dividing social labors and by assigning optimal social functions to all the citizens equally†(Gerasimos Santas, Goodness and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns page 103). Plato valued the skills of all people, and believed that the perfect polis would be one in which every citizen would do his part according to his abilities, and there would be no unique marks between the rich and the poor. Platos ethical ideal of the successful running of the city and the internal harmony of the citizen who runs it is the main ethical aim. Plato maintains a virtue-based eudemonistic ethics. His model of the just state was one where all the parts function for the benefit of the whole, and the whole benefits the parts. â€Å"His first argument is that the matching of citizens to their optimal social functions makes possible and preserves the other social virtues and the good they promote†. (Gerasimos Santas, Goodness and Justice Plato Aristotle and the moderns page 90). According to Plato ethics is a form of knowledge, it is the knowledge of measurement of short-term and long-term consequences. Plato also appealed to a model of harmonious functioning by saying that the soul has its divisions just as the state does. He develops the view that being a good person in an ethical sense involves achieving internal harmony of the parts of the soul. Essentially what Plato wants to achieve is a perfect society. Justice in the soul is likewise a matter of each part of the soul performing its own and proper function. An individual is wise in the virtue of reason ruling in him and brave in the virtue of the spirited part playing its role. An individual is temperate if his inferior bodily appetites are ruled by his reason. And justice belongs to its total ordering. Moreover, the just man will rarely exist except in the just state, where at least some men, the future rulers are systematically educated in justice. But the just state cannot possibly exist except where there are just men; Plato brings the ideal of the philosopher king. Aristotle, differs from Plato here in the way that he is not concerned with perfecting society, he just wants to improve on the existing one. Rather than produce a plan for the perfect society, Aristotle suggested that the society itself should improve to adapt the best system; therefore he relied on the logical tactic. â€Å"Utopia† (Plato’s perfect city) is an abstract solution because there is no real proof that all societies are in need of all that change like Plato wanted. Aristotle discovered that the best possible has already been obtained. All that can be done is to try to improve on the existing one. He disagreed with Plato’s point of â€Å"each man (or groups) sticks to one job, he thought that idea of one class holding discontinuing political power will not result positively. The failure to allow circulation between classes eliminates those men who may be ambitious, and wise, but are not in the right class of society to hold any type of political power. He quotes It is a further objection that he deprives his Guardians even of happiness, maintaining that happiness of the whole state which should be the object of legislation what he is saying is that Guardians sacrifice their happiness for power and control, and those guardian who lead a strict lifestyle like that will impose that kind of lifestyle on their society. Both Plato and Aristotle have a common point when it comes to justice. For both, the end of the state is ethical; as justice is the basis for the ideal state, For Plato, the individual and the state are one, as they both have a tripartite nature of which justice is the result of a sound balance of these three parts. Aristotle asserts that the city-state (polis) comes into being for the sake of life, but exists for the sake of the good life. It is mainly about justice existing in an objective sense, or in other words, a belief that the good and just life should be available for all individuals no matter how high or low their social status is â€Å"In democracies, for example, justice is considered to mean equality, in oligarchies, again inequality in the distribution of office is considered to be just, â€Å"says Aristotle. Plato sees the justice and law as what sets the guidelines for societal behavior. Aristotle said, The people at large should be sovereign rather than the few best (Edward A.Hacker, Aristotelian logic, p 92). Plato would never allow the full public participation in government as Aristotle would like. According to Plato public judgments of approval and disapproval are based on belief and not on knowledge (Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian logic, p 96). Aristotles ethics are based on his view of the Universe. He saw it as a hierarchy in which everything has a function. The highest form of existence is the life of the rational being, and the function of lower beings is to serve this form of life. According to him, justice must be distributed proportionately. For instance, a tailor and a farmer cannot exchange clothes for food, since clothes and food are not of equal value. Aristotle’s equation of justice with lawfulness can create a problem since laws can be unjust too. However, he refutes this idea again by separating political justice from domestic justice. â€Å"The function of the law is to lay down sound and balances principals of character-formation, in the light of which it should be the function of educational practice to accustom various kinds of people, each in different ways, to refrain from greed and thereby arrive at an equalization of desires† (W.Von Leyden, Aristotle on equality and justice, his political argument p 82). According to him, although political justice and domestic justice are related, they are also distinct. Political justice is about laws since â€Å"justice exists only between men whose mutual relations are governed by law† (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5, part 6). So, political justice is governed by the rule of law, while domestic justice relies more on respect. Thus, Aristotle says â€Å"the justice of a master and that of a father are not the same as the justice of citizens† (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5, part 6). Aristotle regarded the concept of justice as necessary to satisfy social equality. But he also wanted to argue that justice is based on a background of laws and rules. Aristotle begins to define justice by saying that â€Å"we observe that everyone means by justice the disposition which makes us doers of just actions, that makes us do what is just and wish that is just. † (The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, book 5 chapters 1). The rest of Aristotle’s procedure in his attempt to define justice is explaining the just actions in terms of laws. Therefore the unjust person is the one who doesn’t follow the law (unlawful), which is where his two definitions of justice come from. The 1st one, â€Å"general justice† identified with what is lawful in our behavior; the 2nd one â€Å"particular justice† that is identified with the distribution of honor and wealth. Plato and Aristotle had very different views about the functions of the human. Plato refutes the idea that backs that injustice is better than justice. He argued that injustice was not very helpful for setting up a model city. Virtue for the model city was derived from the individuals living in the city and their capability to fulfill their functions. He defined human function as ruling, thinking, living, and taking care of the purposes attributed to each in a city. He defined a person’s purpose in relation to his position in the society and his existence in relation to a community. Aristotle argues about the method to achieving ultimate good by searching for happiness by every single person. He believed that happiness or the pursuit of it was the ultimate end, and people worked their way to achieve the ultimate end which is happiness. Happiness, according to him, was attained if one fulfilled one’s reasons, purposes, meanings, and expressions in the best way possible. His views focused on the individual rather than a society or community as a whole. He had a more individualistic point of view. Aristotle disagrees with Plato on another idea. Platos worldview rendered the material, physical world less important than the realm of ideas and abstractions. According to him, the world we see around us consists of imperfect copies of the ideal versions of the same things that are accessible to us only through our minds, and therefore our time is better spent contemplating the better, real, abstractions than their flawed manifestations. Aristotle does not share this worldview, but I will not get into this idea. Their philosophies were different from each other in many subjects, but the most important philosophy which sets the differentiation is the human purpose. Plato believed in a community or society as one and the function of humans in relation to it for achieving a model society. Aristotle was more individualistic and believed in individual happiness as the main function of humans and their achievement by being excellent in what they did and thus forming a model society or city. Although, Plato and Aristotle agree on the concept of an ideal state, they still disagree on deeper issues as Aristotle distanced himself from Plato, who was his mentor, at some point. Plato and Aristotle constructed two utopian state models in which in order to provide justice the ruling power is given to a philosopher king (in Aristotle’s model) or a class of philosopher Guardians who are able to produce better knowledge (in Plato’s model). But rather than giving the ruling power to an elite, in order to provide justice we could raise just children who will be just citizens in the future. Platos philosophy tends toward the metaphysically excessive. He is not bound by realism or model, but allows his imagination to wander into theoretical areas most people today would dismiss as irrelevant and unrealistic. His political philosophy, for instance, is utopian. He sets for himself the task of imagining the ideal way to structure and govern a society, and ends up with an impressively inventive and elaborate scheme, but one that tolerates little resemblance to how human beings ever have or likely ever will interact politically in the real world. Aristotles philosophy is much more grounded in realism and common sense and logical. Hes more about describing the world as it is than going too far in the direction of speculating about how it should be. In contrast to Platos utopian political philosophy, Aristotles political philosophy has a large component of descriptive political science. When he does argue for certain political schemes, they tend to be positive improvements on existing systems. Plato and Aristotle have a lot of differences in both style and material, but what they have in common is that both are still being read nowadays, and still are inspirational and they both challenge philosophers and students all over the world. Sources used: 1- The Republic: Author: Plato Published by: Penguin Classics 2- The Nicomachean Ethics: Author: Aristotle Published by: Penguin Classics 3- Goodness and Justice, Plato, Aristotle, and the Moderns: Author: Gerasimos Santas Published by: Blackwell Publishers 4- Aristotle on equality and justice, his political argument: Author: W. Von Leyden Published by: Macmillan 5- Aristotelian logic: Author: William Thomas Parry, Edward A. Hacker Published by: State University of New York, Albany.

Letter :: essays research papers

Legislator Donald Trotta Dear Donald Trotta   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My name is Jeffrey Magloire and I am a current matriculating student at Sullivan County Community College I have a couple of issues that I wanted to bring forward to your attention. As you may or may not know Sullivan County Community College has just constructed a new dormitory for incoming students. This Dormitory has opened up doors to many students that could not handle the commute to and from school. Although the dormitory has been an advantage to students traveling; the students have been living in poor condition for the last five weeks. The first problem occurred the day we walked in. The students were put into rooms where the paint smell was still resident and was the cause of two asthma attacks. We still have not received camera’s which would have been no problem if they had more than two security guards for each shift in our 350 capacity student dorm. I have read the contract that was handed to me and the dormitory has violated many promises made on that contract. The first violation has made many students drop out of school and go home and miss one semester of school. The Dormitory Corporation promised us daily maintenance on all of our bathrooms but the maintenance workers come only three times a week which has raised hazardous fumes coming from the bathroom and also the bathroom utensils are not available to students frequently which has deferred the students from having proper hygiene. The roof fire alarm has not been turned off due to the shortness of security officers and the alarm goes off every night due to loitering. They also promised that we will have telephone service which has not been honored and most of students have no way of contacting their friends and family. The School has one phone line and that one phone line is occupied by resident assistant, resident managers, security and is also the phone that security uses to contact the fire department in case of emergency.

Handstar Inc Essay

Handstar Inc. was created a little over four years ago by two college roommates to develop software applications for handheld computing devices. It has since grown to ten employees with annual sales approaching $1. 5 million. Handstar’s original product was an expense report application that allowed users to record expenses on their handheld computers and then import these expenses into a spreadsheet that then create an expense report in one of five standard formats. Based on the success of its first product, Handstar subsequently developed three additional software products: a program for tracking and measuring the performance of investment portfolios- a calendar program, and a program that allowed users to download their email messages from their PC and read them on their handheld computers. The two founders of Handstar have recently become concerned about the competitiveness of their offerings, particularly since none of them has been updated after their initial launch. Therefore, they asked the directors of product development and marketing to work together and prepare a list of potential projects for updating Handstar’s current offerings as well as to develop ideas for additional offerings. The directors were also asked to estimate the development costs of the various projects, product revenues, and the likelihood that Handstar could retain or obtain a leadership position for the given product. Also, with the increasing popularity of the Internet, the founders asked the directors to evaluate the extent to which the products made use of the Internet. The product development and marketing directors identified three projects related to updating Handstar’s existing products. The first project would integrate Handstar’s current calendar program with its email program. Integrating these two applications into a single program would provide a number of benefits to users such as allowing them to automatically enter the dates of meetings into the calendar based on the content of an email message. The directors estimated that this project would require 1250 hours of software development time. Revenues in the first year of the product’s launch were estimated to be $750,000. However, because the directors expected that a large percentage of the users would likely upgrade to this new product soon after its introduction, they projected that annual sales would decline by 10 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that Handstar was moderately likely to obtain a leadership position in email/calendar programs if this project were undertaken and felt this program made moderate use of the Internet. The second project related to updating the expense report program. The directors estimated that this project would require 400 hours of development time. Sales were estimated to be $250,000 in the first year and to increase 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that completing this project would almost certainly maintain Handstar’s leadership position in the expense report category, although it made little use of the Internet. The last product enhancement project required enhancing the existing portfolio tracking program. This project would require 750 hours of development time and would generate first-year sales of $500,000. Sales were projected to increase 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors felt this project would have a high probability of maintaining Handstar’s leadership position in this category and the product would make moderate use of the Internet. The directors also identified three opportunities for new products. One project was the development of a spreadsheet program that could share files with spread-sheet programs written for PCs. Developing this product would require 2500 hours of development time. First-year sales were estimated to be $1,000,000 with an annual growth rate of 10 percent. While this product did not make use of the Internet, the directors felt that Handstar had a moderate chance of obtaining a leadership position in this product category. The second new product opportunity identified was a Web browser. Developing this product would require 1875 development hours. First-year sales were estimated to be $2,500,000 with an annual growth rate of 15 percent. Although this application made extensive use of the Internet, the directors felt that there was a very low probability that Handstar could obtain a leadership position in this product category. The final product opportunity identified was a trip planner program that would work in conjunction with a PC connected to the Web and download travel instructions to the user’s handheld computer. This product would require 6250 hours of development time. First-year sales were projected to be $1,300,000 with an annual growth rate of 5 percent. Like the Web browser program, the directors felt that there was a low probability that Handstar could obtain a leadership position in this category, although the program would make extensive use of the Internet. In evaluating the projects, the founders believed it was reasonable to assume each product had a three-year life. They also felt that a discount rate of 12 percent fairly reflected the company’s cost of capital. An analysis of pay-roll records indicated that the cost of software developers is $52 per hour including salary and fringe benefits. Currently there are four software developers on staff, and each works 2500 hours per year. Which option should they choose?

Pro Gay Marriage

The controversy over gay marriage has become highly publicized. However, this issue is not a new debate. Society has voiced its opinions on the subject for many years. Everyone knows that people are able to choose, according to their body and instinct, their sexuality; most of the time, tabulated statistics state that in nine out of ten times option chosen is heterosexual. On the other hand, the other ten percent belongs to the homosexual population, which has been suffering all kinds of persecution and marginalization throughout history, forcing them to live in hiding, with permanent fear, and in scandal.If there were no such people, we would be unfairly deprived of the works of a lot of painters, sculptors, writers, filmmakers, and many more. Works that we admire today and were created from their homosexual point of view. A few years ago in Europe, some governments, like the Netherlands, Belgium, and Spain, that are countries of western thought and Christian tradition, have dared t o legalize marriage between same sex persons, giving them all the rights and obligations of heterosexual couples, even including adoption.Obama has not made a firm promise on either side of this issue, but he has recently indicated that he will do his part to push for equal rights regarding the gay population. These steps are acts of justice that recognize the right of citizens to choose their sexual orientation by themselves without feeling discriminated or diminished, and they give homosexual couples the same right to form a family and offspring that marriage concedes to heterosexual couples. Unfortunately these steps are not enough; there are still a lot of people contrary to the marriage between people of same sex.The arguments against the right of gay couples to marry can be beaten when they are examined closely. One of the most used has been that there is a deathblow to the family as an institution. Why? How? Cannot heterosexual couples continue to marry and have children if t hey want to. Does anyone, because of the establishment of this right, force someone to marry or not marry differently from the traditional? Of course not. On the other hand, by allowing gay couples to marry and adopt children, this will inject new vitality to an institution, the family, that – someone did not otice yet? – suffered from a long time in a deep crisis in western society. Counting the number of divorces, which grows each year, there are voices who predict a hopeless obsolescence. The paradox is that probably only through homosexuals, who as all persecuted minorities want to get out of the ghetto in which society has confined them, the family can reestablished the illusion and the respect that in a very large number of heterosexuals, particularly young people, seems to have been lost.So there is no irony in me saying that I think that it is very possible that in twenty or thirty years statistics will discover more stable families among gay marriage. Identica l prejudgment says that children adopted by gay couples will suffer anomalous behavior because a child to be â€Å"normal† needs to have a father and a mother, not two fathers or two mothers. This dogmatic assertion does not have any psychological support. Children needs love, either from two fathers, two mothers or both of them.There are also some people who have a stubborn blindness and have not learned that a lot of cases of violence and sexual abuse have been discovered in heterosexual couples. Those parents, either heterosexual or homosexual, are unique, and regarding the education of their children may be admirable, tyrannical, loving or cruel. It is clear that those people have fought so hard to be able to adopt children, fortunately now in some parts of Europe they can do, are raising children with enthusiasm and taking on the responsibility of their role.There is no reason behind all these arguments. There is an inveterate prejudice, an instinctive revulsion toward t hose who practice love in a way that centuries of ignorance, stupidity, and obscurantism have demonized by calling it abnormal. It is important to be said that a recent statistic in the United States revealed that 33% of young people who commit suicide are gay, and half of them were rejected by their parents. Tell me what then is the reason for adolescent boys and girls who will be committing suicide right now because they are attracted to someone of the same sex?Maybe because society has failed to accept them, and one of the key points for acceptance can be if their union in marriage is considered legal. Actually, science, biology, anthropology, psychology, and history have put ideas in place long ago and have established that talk of abnormality of sexual vocation in human beings is risky and alienating; unfortunately, the church has never been aligned with these assertions. The fact is that the gay population has been wondering through the years why they cannot marry as heterosex uals.The church has tried to explain for many years that marriage has to be between men and women under God’s eyes. This position is understandable especially from the Catholic standpoint. The other thing the church gives importance to along with marriage is procreation. So far, there is no need to do a fertility analysis on heterosexual couples who wish to marry. This is another point at which we realize that the church is not acting fairly.They expect us to believe that procreation is more important besides love in marriage, but really they do not care too much, because they do not punish the infertile heterosexuals. Homosexual population cannot accept that they are deprived of a fundamental right such as marriage. It should have to be a possibility that the church accepts to change the rules and includes in their definition of marriage that can be either same or different sex. There is a lot of the homosexual population keeping their faith and they would like to marry in a church.Others, instead, have chosen to stay away from the church because the ongoing ridicule they are actually suffering from the church. There has to be a point where we can put both parties together. The way to do it will be difficult, but not impossible. We have already seen that the church will never consider marriage between same sex people, but let me invite them to a little reflection. It would be that the purpose of marriage is the union of a man and a woman in front of God’s eyes, based on love that they profess.If they could think about people regardless their gender, gay marriage would fall into this category. That is what we have to make them recognize. We love each other regardless of sexual option. It is the same love. Love between two people who want to share their lives Everyone knows that in the beginning of the twenty first century no one follows some of the church recommendations. There are very few believers who have endured celibacy until marriage; this is one of the proofs with which we realize that the church needs a renovation to make them adapt to contemporary times.It would be fair to reflect and could accommodate a definition of marriage to speak of only the union between two people regardless of gender. The governments of as many countries as possible should urge their language academies to update the term and recommend the church does not put any barrier and even marry homosexual believers if they want to. Given that society has advanced so much, and some minorities are fortunately vanishing because rights are slowly recognizing.We have the opportunity to change the course of history and ensure that our generation be remembered for changes that really changed things for the better live in the beginning of twenty first century. Therefore, it may be fair to say that the definition of marriage should be changed in order to give homosexual couples the same rights and obligations as heterosexual couples. We are all individuals, and we have the same rights and nobody because of his or her sexual choice should be excluded.People cannot turn a deaf ear to all these cases of boys and girls who are committing suicide, and an extraordinary step forward to normalize the situation would be by treating gay marriage as normal. Also a lesbian bride should have the same right looking forward to her wedding day, and have an engagement ring or even have and raise babies. It would be an important step towards a fundamental equalizing right of human beings, to be equal and to be able to live in a climate of respect, harmony, and fairness.

How to find the molarity of the acid Essay Example

How to find the molarity of the acid Essay Example How to find the molarity of the acid Essay How to find the molarity of the acid Essay We are going to do an experimentation using the technique of titration to find the concentration of solutions this is a way of measuring quantities of reactants and is useful for finding an unknown concentration .we know that an acid will react with a base so thats why we will do titration. Titration enables the reacting volumes of two solutions to be accurately found one solution is found with a pipette which slowly drops the one solution in to a conical flask of another solution and the complete reaction is shown with an indicator.At which the colour changes is called the end point. We want to find the mole ratios of the reactants and products shown by the balanced chemical equation there should be no any side reactants taking place, as these will affect our measurements. The reactant mixture must be quenched to slow down or stop the reaction. Using a base could neutralize an acid catalyst.SafetyThis experiment sodium hydroxide will be used this is a strong alkaline and can damage the skin and can also damage the eyes if splashed in them so during the experiment so I will be using safety goggles during all times I will also wear rubber gloves to protect the skin from any contact with the sodium hydroxide.EquipmentThis is the equipment that I will be using:Pipette, beaker, a white ceramic tile, a clamp and stand, burette, methyl orange. And a 250 ml standard measuring flask and some electronic scales.MethodIn this experiment I want to find out the concentration of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) with the concentration of the NaOH and used a indicator to tell me when neutralization had taken place.I had to gather a pipette, beaker, a white ceramic tile, clamp and stand, burette, methyl orange and a 250 ml standard measuring flask and some electronic scales. I got some NaOH and weighed out 3.3 grams on the electric scales. I poured 250 ml of distilled water into my standard measuring flask and then placed the NaOH pellets into the 250 ml of distilled water the pelle ts are hydroscopic and absorb water from the atmosphere around them so I had to move quickly at this stage.I set up my clamp and stand and clamped the graduated burette and I put on my goggles. I measured out 25 ml of HCl and put this into the pipette. I then used the pipette to measure about 25 ml of NaOH and then this was poured this into a conical glass. I put three drops of methyl orange to the NaOH and stirred it around until the solution changed orange. I placed the conical glass under the burette and placed a white tile underneath the conical glass to help me watch me the indicator change colour.I made a results table the first time this experiment would be conducted it would be the rough to give me an indication of when to stop the burette then I would repeat it three times. While the HCl was being gradually dropped into the conical flask I had to continually had to swirl the NaOH and methyl orange solution until the colour changed from yellow to orange. When I went past thi s point of adding too much HCl the colour would go to red this was known as the end point. I found on the first time of conducting this experiment I found at around about 17cm3 was where I needed to stop graduating the solution into the conical flask.Results tableRough1st attempt2nd attempt3rd attempt17.817.117.017.1The average was 17.061 mol of NaOH = 40 gx mol of NaOH = 3.3 g3.3 g /40 g = x0.0825 = x mol0.0825 mol of NaOH dissolved in 250 ml (0.25dm 3) distilled water0.25 dm 3 =0.0825 mol1 dm 3 = x mol0.0825 x 1 /0.25 = x mol=0.33 mol /dm3Finding the concentration of hydrochloric acidMAVA = a MA x 0.01706 = 1MBVB = b 0.33 x 0.025 = 1MA x 0.01706 x 1 = 0.33 x 0.025 x 1MA x 0.01706 = 0.00825MA = 0.008250.01706MA = 0.48 mol/dm3ConclusionI found out that the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.48 mol/dm3 . the experiment was repeated three times and the results obtained did not differ from no more than 0.1 . this proved that the experiment was carried out carefully and the results were accurate.EvaluationIn this experiment I feel that I should have dried out the conical flask after cleaning it out with the distilled water as this has most likely affected the concentration of the NaOH. I should have also cleaned and dried out the graduated burette as this also could have affected the final results but this would have proved to be too difficult as it was very narrow and long I dont think that I could have read a tenth of a cc on the graduated pipette of the water that I could not have dried out. All the experiments were conducted on the same day so the room temperature stayed the same.

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution

The Coalescent Theory and Evolution One part of the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory involves population biology and, on an even smaller level, population genetics. Since evolution is measured in units within populations and only populations can evolve and not individuals, then population biology and population genetics are intricate parts of the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection. How the Coalescent Theory Affects the Theory of Evolution When Charles Darwin first published his ideas of evolution and natural selection, the field of Genetics had yet to be discovered. Since tracing alleles and genetics is a very important part of population biology and population genetics, Darwin did not fully cover those ideas in his books. Now, with more technology and knowledge under our belts, we can incorporate more population biology and population genetics into the Theory of Evolution. One way this is done is through the coalescence of alleles. Population biologists look at the gene pool and all available alleles within the population. They then try to trace the origin of these alleles back through time to see where they started. The alleles can be traced back through various lineages on a phylogenetic tree to see where they coalesce or come back together (an alternate way of looking at it is when the alleles branched off from one another). Traits always coalesce at a point called the most recent common ancestor. After the most recent common ancestor, the alleles separated and evolved into new traits and most likely the populations gave rise to new species. The Coalescent Theory, much like Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, has a few assumptions that eliminate changes in alleles through chance events. The Coalescent Theory assumes there is no random genetic flow or genetic drift of alleles into or out of the populations, natural selection is not working on the selected population over the given time period, and there is no recombination of alleles to form new or more complex alleles. If this holds true, then the most recent common ancestor can be found for two different lineages of similar species. If any of the above are in play, then there are several obstacles that have to be overcome before the most recent common ancestor can be pinpointed for those species. As technology and understanding of the Coalescent Theory become more readily available, the mathematical model that accompanies it has been tweaked. These changes to the mathematical model allow some of the previously inhibitive and complex issues with population biology and population genetics have been taken care of and all types of populations may then be used and examined using the theory.

Discussion 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 5 - Essay Example Marx himself, in The Communist Manifesto, talks about how the industrial society was an improvement over the previously existing system of â€Å"the feudal system of industry†, where guilds monopolized the working of the proletariat (Marx 7). This in turn, was an improvement over the system of landed aristocracy that held all the means of production with itself. Labour too, in as much as it was free, was owned by the landed gentry. According to Marx, the transition from this social arrangement to that which was brought about by the Industrial Revolution would lead to the uniting of the workers resulting in an awareness of what the problems of their community was. This, Marx predicted, would result in widespread discontent that would eventually lead to a revolution. It is this revolution that according to Marx and Engels would lead to the formation of the new society. Discontent is not necessarily an indication of a miserable situation. On the other hand, it indicates the begin ning of the period of awareness that is evident from the large number of revolutions against authority that the world has seen after industrial societies came into being.

The Progress of Developed Nations in Utilising Renewable Sources to Coursework

The Progress of Developed Nations in Utilising Renewable Sources to Reduce Reliance Upon Traditional Fossil Fuels - Coursework Example Many nations are rushing to search for a most developed  state  and, as such, increasing their  industrial  and  domestic  energy use. Domestically, energy use is in lighting and cooking  while industrially, it is for development, manufacturing, and transportation of products (Flavin and Hull, 2011: p.15). The source of this form of energy is  mostly  fossil fuels such as mined coal of which has a significant impact on the environments  productivity  and sustainability. Depletion of these various fossil energy sources is leading to increased exploitations, thus further degrading the environment. An increase in this  phenomenon  is causing considerable distress to the environment and ecosystems which  substantially  impacts back on the  people’s populations (Grover, 1985: p.101). The realization of this is causing most nations to  embrace  renewable energy use in their daily activities. This involves the  invention  of renewable energy us ing gadgets, and modification of the existing gadgets to incorporate renewable energy sources. ... This means that as these energy sources get utilized for various purposes, they replenish their sources almost immediately (Lettice, 2001: p.45). This gives them an advantage because they are readily available for utilization, and also because they do not  damage  the  environment  in terms of degradation. These renewable energy sources include sources such as wind, sun, water, geothermal, and biomass such as energy crops. Historically, the use of  energy  was not dependent on the development of technologies but through the available choices within the environment. This was way before civilization and urbanization. As time went on, people devised new methods through which to  advance  their way of life hence the development of technologies to  process  other energy sources. In the 1940s, it  was discovered  the use of fossil fuels. This continued on advancing through industrialization to urbanization to the current state. The advent of use of renewable energy source was first in Japan; a developed nation,  though,  in those years, it was still developing. It then spread to other developed nations as time advanced. Currently there has been considerable debate on the responsibilities for the  state  of environmental degradation experienced and its  effect  on the welfare of people. Blame  is thrown  among the developed and developing nations.  A serious consideration for the utilization of renewable energy sources started during a  time when  the developed nations realized they play a  particularly  influential  role in the  global  environmental  state.  As such around the 1990s they became  serious  with countries such as the United States and Japan. The choice for the use of renewable energy sources significantly influenced by their availability

Analysis and discussion of non-markt and market behaviours, economic Term Paper

Analysis and discussion of non-markt and market behaviours, economic analysis of behaviour - Term Paper Example Its impact on RBC and various strategies adopted by the company because of those economic impacts on the organization has also been discussed in this study. The role of cooperative and political behaviors in relation with the market based behaviors of RBS has been studied. Different strategies and policies that have been employed by RBC or are planning to employ have also been included in this study. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Canadian Economy – An Overview 5 Financial Sector in Canada – An Overview 6 Royal Bank of Canada 7 Stakeholders of RBC 8 Clients 8 Employees 9 Shareholders or Investors 9 SRI Community 10 Suppliers 10 Governments 10 Environmental NGOs 10 Economic and Regulatory Environment of RBC 11 Canada 11 United States 11 Europe 12 Financial Markets 13 Regulatory Environment 13 Economic Impact 14 Corporate Strategies by RBC 15 Corporate Governance 15 Risk Management 17 Policies and Procedures 17 Mutual Funds and Governance 18 References 19 Canadian Economy – An Overview The economic system of Canada is very much similar to that of United States of America. The industrial society of Canada is high tech in nature and is quite affluent in its resources. The standard of living of the people is quite high. There has been a significant growth in various industrial sectors of Canada like mining, manufacturing, services sector, etc. after the end of World War II in the year 1945. It has resulted in the transformation of the Canadian economy which was rural in nature into an urban and industrial economy. United States serves as the main trading partner of Canada. There have been various trade agreements between these two countries recently like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA). This has helped in the development of economic integration and trade between the two countries to a considerable amount. Three-fourths of the exports generated from Canada are accounted through a sub stantial amount of surplus in trade with US. Canada is amongst one of the largest supplier of oil, gas, electrical power and other energy sources for United States. Canada managed to have a significant growth in its economy during the period of 1993 to 2007 because of its varied natural resources, modernized plants and labor forces which are highly skilled in nature. At the end of the year 2008, Global Financial Crisis (GFC) had an adverse effect on the Canadian economy and it went into economic recession. In 2009, the country experienced fiscal deficit for the first time in 12 years time. However the major banks in Canada have managed to recover for the ill effects of recession because of its tradition of having strong capitalization and lending practices which are highly conservative in nature. There has been a marginal growth of Canadian economy in the years 2010-2011. By 2005 it is supposed to be able to balance its budget. The petroleum sector of the country is growing at a rap id pace because of the discovery of many new natural oil reserves in Canada. Canada is ranked in the third position in the world with regards to the volume of oil reserves present in the country (CIA, 2012). Financial Sector in Canada – An Overview The financial services sector of Canadian economy consists of banks, loan companies, trusts, insurance companies, credit unions, securities dealers, companies of mutual funds, leasing companies, insurance agents, financial advisors, different types

An Overview of Antonal Music

An Overview of Antonal Music Kenneth Laino I. What is Atonality? Unfamiliarity is the basis of atonal music; a musical genre whose foundation deprives the wired human minds desire of a tonal resolution. In a sense the whole movement can be seen as anarchical expression. For generations it has been ingrained in our western culture for music to stay in a particular key or to develop the idea of tonality, where music plays at the constant ebb and flow of resolution and tension yet such principles that seemed inherent to the very existence of enjoyable music are cyclically toyed, abandoned, and reinvented. The modern era was prime for such radical changes in philosophy. In order to avoid an era of resignation, leaps of defiance were stated and claimed to achieve a sense of progress and identity. As such we can view the experiment of atonal music as characterized by the occurrence of pitches in novel combinations, as well as by the occurrence of familiar pitch combinations in unfamiliar environments (Forte 1977, 1). Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center or key, it refuses to conform to a system of tonal hierarchy, where pitches focus on a single, central tone, and instead retorts with mastery of independent function for the creation of new roots- thus atonality is inspired.   Ã‚   II. Origins: The Development of Impressionism and Expressionism The early 20th century was a culmination of an artistic endeavors, experimenting in different styles both in the visual and audial mediums. The main proponents explored in this musical era would be the inclusion of impressionism and expressionism. For a brief look into the musical scene of impressionism there was leading figures, Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, both of whom were dissuaded by their labels given by critiques, that imbeciles call impressionism, a term employed with the utmost inaccuracy. An aesthetic and philosophical term borrowed from the parallel, artistic revolution; a vivid analogy to painters who would focus on the audience perception to achieve an overall impression. Simply put, the key goal was to arouse emotion and convey moods, and as such various composers in Western classical music followed suite arriving at the defining characteristic of the entire impressionism movement: color or in musical terms, timbre. Displaying landscapes through orchestration, harm onic usage, and texture. Other elements developed included the general use of new chord combinations (that were unresolved such as the 9th, 11ths, 13ths), ambiguous tonality, extended harmonies, parallel motions, extra-musicality, and relishing on top, the use modes and exotic scales. In order to capture a sense of detached observation, the normal syntax is usually disrupted and individual styles are carry through to maintain that integrity of the works meaning. Already essential themes to the era including experimentation for the mediums progress, the destruction of well established systems, expressing the individual, and moving away from the tonal key. As the mostly French focused on Impressionism, the corresponding movement of their rivals, the Germans, are going to focus on music differently; thus Expressionism is in existence. The underlying construct in Expressionism is psychological rather than artistic. With the advent of influential psychoanalysis studies, such as Sigmund F reud, making people think about the reasons why they behave in certain ways, drawn out the more oppressed, twisted side of the human psyche. Expressionism had a dark, intense color and unlike Impressionism were generally not solely instrumental, in fact operas were a hallmark of these styles in order to reciprocate the story of peoples actions. In the 20th century there is finally variety in the ways of expression. In order to truly create tension or the sense of a person loss, Atonality is an excellent tool to convey that. The music lacks focus and doesnt have a sense of direction as were dependent on patterns and repetition to guide us thus we move away from a tonal key and instead builds an exuberant amount of tension in the perspective of possibly someones personal strife and the general mental condition. The leaders of this movement would be Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg. Alban Berg would use structures well-known and prey on them. For example an opera by him, Wozzeck is common in it having three-acts labeled as Exposition, Development, and Catastrophe. He leads us into the thought of a sonata cycle where the end is a typical tragedy. Staying faithful to tradition, each act has 5 scenes familiar to a balanced classical style. However these characteristics are just for surface appeal theyre twisted each act is a set of variations, placing it under new context. It attempts to drive the listener it away a sense of tonality. And he uses Sprechstimme, a compositional technique similar to modern day improvisation where the score for the singer would be specified rhythms but intentionally be left without the notes which created a structured eery sound where the pitches arent specified and lost a direction of key, and possibly amplified with the abandonment of lyrics for spoken words. Techniques and styles that were the byproduct of expressionism and impressionism were vital to evolution of atonality in the 20th century split in music. III. Writing Atonal Music : 12 Tone Technique After the deaths of Mahler (1911) and Debussy in (1918) the world was open to pushing the limits of western harmonies. In fact a small 20th century split developed between tonal composers, lead by composers such as Igor Stravinsky, saw over a gradual evolution of the tonal system, expanding on musical ambiguity but still remained in the confines of the well-established tonal system. Eventually this process would lead to a point of no return which serial or non-tonal composers would turn to, such as Arnold Schoenberg, whom dove straight to a convulsive transformation of the tonal system to a complete new language of music. Of course disputes of which side truly represented modern music were brought up, Stravinsky almost switching tonality on and off versus Schoenberg who declared a complete break with tonality and symmetric syntactic structures. Yet they shared the motivation; to increase expressive power in music. Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer and conductor who migrated to America during WWII. During his time, he focused on promoting new music to the world to advance a sense of progress, and thus supported new ideas and impressionist movements in his works. In 1905 he composed Pelleas and Melisande a popular story at the time which importantly introduced the first use of a trombone glissando in an art music. Gradually, we sense pleas to escape the chains of tonality, with his development of Quaternary Harmonies (building chords on fourths) in pieces such as Kammersymphonie (which means chamber symphony) in 1907 as influenced by the impressionists who would use these quartal chords because it didnt lead anywhere. Eventually he would have dissonance that never resolve a lingering tension. In 1909 he would abandon writing key signatures at all! His first piece resembling any form of atonality would truly be his Opus 11. A string quartet with a soprano voice rejecting tonality would sing Ich fà ¼hle Luft von einem anderen Planeten (I feel the air of another planet) And thus breath was finally spoken, which lead to the idea of free atonality (which would not be until his Opus 25, the first use of his 12-tone technique). Atonality at the time seemed to fulfill the condition of progress and continue romantic expression from Mahler and it seemed to be the next logical and inevitable milestone; however, by reaching a dead through the abandonment of all the rules and absolute freedom from constraints made it difficult to listen to. Even with the intuitively brilliant syntax of these works, unfortunately, it was hard for the composer and listener to avoid the innate drive for atonality. The experiment to get away from tonality sadly ended with the burdening sense for a resolution, without a working structure, and without any cues or clues for general memorability. In the end if you listened to Atonal Music you would know why its never used again. (Luthye, 2017) In order to begin writing atonal music like Schoeneberg, lets focus on the most basic compositional strategy in writing for the serial method (which is to use all 12 tones all the time but without any tonal relationship). The goal of atonality is to move away from a certain key. Tonality is developed through the repetition notes and thus notes must equally used without a specific relation. In the Twelve-Tone System or Dodecaphonic Technique you develop a tone row, however unlike Debussy who always stayed with in the key, it must use all 12 tones before it can repeat any of the tones. After writing a tone with 12 different tones the goal is avoid repetition to maintain interest and avoid making that tone row the new tonal center. Common variations include, a retrograde, playing all notes in the tone row backwards and an inverse, playing all notes in intervals of the opposite direction (notes go equidistant in half-steps but in the opposite direction.) Keep in mind however a tri-tone interval would remain the same as theyre equidistant. From there the music can be simply written with personal variation; with multiple applications such as an inverse-retrograde and retrograde-inverse, variety of rhythms, and having many different tone rows the possibilities are endless, so get creative! Atonality takes its roots in being a product of a period of extreme artistic progress. Though its inability to be defined as art, or even appealing lead to its downfall its experimentation wasnt in vain. Though not fully used, it showed us the limits of music and expanded musical expression in pure variety; allowing for full control of chromaticism and modulation still seen today in Jazz. Sources: Beach, David (ed.). 1983. Schenkerian Analysis and Post-Tonal Music, Aspects of Schenkerian Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press. Forte, Allen. 1977. The Structure of Atonal Music. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-02120-2. Kostka, Stefan and Payne, Dorothy (1995). Tonal Harmony. Third Edition. ISBN 0-07-300056-6. Schoenberg, Arnold. 1978. Theory of Harmony, translated by Roy Carter. Berkeley Los Angeles: University of California Press. Zimmerman, Daniel J. 2002. Families without Clusters in the Early Works of Sergei Prokofiev. PhD diss. Chicago: University of Chicago.

Death and the Maiden Essay -- Ariel Dorfman

“There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about.” Ââ€"Oscar Wilde Death and the Maiden discusses Princess Diana, her media, and her public from the point-of-view of Maureen Dowd. Was Diana the “spendthrift of her own celebrity”? Is the media a market of vultures feeding off of Diana? Does the public actually have any remorse for the Princess? There is no right or wrong answers for these questions because they are merely opinionated. Whether or not Diana was a victim of celebrity culture or the creator of her own demise is debatable, and even though Dowd thinks the coverage of DianaÂ’s death was awful she felt she brought on a lot of the other attention herself. She implies that DianaÂ’s celebrity led to her making careless, irrational decisions. Dowd states “The Princess of Wales was the queen of surfaces, ruling over a kingdom where fame was the highest value and glamour was the most cherished attribute.” Here she insinuates Diana is superficial and did things on purpose for the fame, she then goes on to say “she rode the...

Example of report Essay

â€Å"Thinking is easy, acting is difficult, and put one’s thoughts into action is the most difficult thing in the world.† Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German Playwright, Poet, Novelist and Dramatist. 1749-1832) Looking back at the lecturer career, the important of critical thinking to success in the career thinking skills is real, students may not know how to actually apply the information that receive to real world application culture, or lives a life that demands them to talk, read or write to prove proficiency? Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the: understand the logical connections between ideas, identify, construct and evaluate arguments, detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning, solve problems systematically, identify the relevance and importance of ideas and reflect on the justification of one’s own beliefs and values. Critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A person with a good memory and who knows a lot of facts is not necessarily good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what student knows, and will knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant sources of information to inform. Critical thinking should not be confused with being argumentative or being critical of other people. Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing fallacies and bad reasoning and constructive tasks. Critical thinking can help us acquire knowledge, improve our theories, and strengthen arguments. We can use critical thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions. Start from the week two, first exercise has started. On the second week,  student required to buy the materials such as artline pens 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8, butter pad, layout pad, technical pen, regal bond, cutting mat and etc. In the first exercise, a student has to draw a box of 6x6cm with a title Visual Element of Form. For the first time, the very 1st sketch was using numbers to determine the dots, line, shape and volume. First time and the second time have been rejected and required to improve the artworks. The third time has accepted and it was four different types of flowers. In week three, the second exercise were introduced and the title is Encounter of Form. On the third week, before starting the second exercise, students required to study the samples which were given on the assignment briefing. Students have to draw the same boxes on the layout pad or butter pad or regal bond. Encounter of Form is about the positive and the negative under seven rules which is detachment, union, intersect, overlap, touching, interpenetration and subtraction. The first artwork was failure and required to improve. For the second artwork was complete success. In week four, the third exercise of the assignment one has given by the lecturer and the title is Space and Depth. Before starting the exercise, students have to understand what to draw and how to draw, how to start. For the first part of the exercise, student has to do boxes with four instruction which is increase, playful, congested and tension. And as for second part, students have to do A3 size artwork with four themes which is peace, war, hope and struggle. With these four themes was hard to choose but ended up with hope. The first artwork was failure and required to improve. For the second artwork was complete success and accepted. At the lecture class which held on week five, the lecturer play a video named Three Idiots which is interesting and funny, some moral values and the way to show critical thinking to argue the logic point. The last exercise of assignment one was called Orisimstylization, and inquire student to get a sample of the existing man-made object, animal and human model. The last exercise strictly follows back the exercise in the second box while the third was rather interesting due to use student’s style and the originality. For the last exercise, the first artwork was failure again and required to  improve again. The second artwork was the different advertising models and has been accepted. In week six, students have to hand in the assignment one along with the front cover and back cover. But because a lot of student have fail to show a good and presentable assignment, whole of the exercise along the cover have to improve and the deadline was postponed to the week 9 with along assignment two. In week seven, the lecturer introduces the assignment two which consisting two part, one was to do Repetition: Unit and Flat Plan while the another were Application. The Unit and Flat Plan, requires student to draw one selected image over on internet or any media that can be used to inquired an image. Then on the 1Ãâ€"1 inch small boxes over 9 x12 grid, student have to draw on it to show the repetition. As for the Application, using the same size of the 9Ãâ€"12 inch over the layout pad, draw an image of the selected material of object to describe the repetition. Example, a t-shirt was used and draw at layout paper, then by applying the selected sample on the Unit and Flat Plan it will show the texture inlayed on the selected application. Around week eight and nine was the week where the lecturer giving opportunity to student to seek and given advice to for their assignment progression. With some feed back by the lecturer, student then improve student artwork while along learning some of the creative and critical thinking over several sample of video given by the lecturer. Within at week nine the student has to do their final makeup before hand in the assignment one along the current second assignment to the lecturer at office around Friday at 12.00 to 12.30pm sharp. With this, the whole assignment one and second has done and hand in by that day.